DEPTH:
Depth-of-field: The distance from the near to the farthest that objects are in focus.
Focus is a very important element because it can bring our attention to a particular part of the frame. And the thing out of focus is an indication that we don’t need to see it.
Deep focus: Use of the camera lens and lighting so that both close and distant planes are shown in sharp focus. This technique allows the filmmaker to emphasize a character or object that appears far away.
Shallow focus: Simply take main front characters to objects and nothing else back. The short depth of field, only part of the shot is in focus, it’s often used to show an important part of the frame.
SHOT: Tight=near wide=far
Extreme close-up is even closer than a close-up where we can’t even see the whole head.
Close up: A complete detail of an actor’s face like in a portrait. Close up can also be a detail of an important object.
Medium close-up: Avoid appearing summery, a little boring.
Long shot: People’s gestures and the environment around them.
Extreme long shot: We can’t see the character’s action, but we can see the environment related to the character in another way.
A One-shot: Focus on the character and he or she is in the middle.
A Two-shot: The position, gesture and eye direction help us understand the connection between them. If both of them are acting or speaking, we will miss the information from one of them.
A group shot: The three women were looking in the same direction, there should be someone acting.
Angle:
High angle shot and Low angle shot
Point of View shot (POV): Often used in the game. Having a shadow always remind us we are in the first-person view.
Moving Shots
Pan shot: The camera is mounted on a non-moving base and films while pivoting on its axis along the line of the horizon from left to right to right to left.
Tilt shot: The camera can move up or down while fixed on its axis.
Travelling shot (dolly shot): The camera can move forward or backwards while fixed on its axis
Crane shot: The camera can move in and out and up and down while mounted on a mechanical crane.